A Firearms Primer

For the Gun Owner and Non-Owner Alike

   Introduction

Handguns
•	Types of Handguns revolvers     fixed cylinder     swing-out cylinder semi-automatics     mechanical functioning     tips on handling
•	Handgun Ammunition

Shotguns
•	Features of Shotguns gauges chamber lengths barrel lengths chokes sights
•	Types of Shotguns autoloading/semi-automatic slide or pump action hinged or break action
•	Shotgun Ammunition

Rifles
•	History of the Rifle
•	Types of Rifles bolt action lever action slide or pump action semi-automatic rifles     blowback action     recoil-operated     gas-operated
•	Rifle Ammunition

   Firearms Glossary

   Links to Manufacturers

Introduction	top

As early as the 10th century, black powder was used in China for fireworks and signals. References to an explosive substance made from the same ingredients used in modern gunpowder date from the mid-13th century. During that time, hide- or hemp-wrapped bamboo tubes, filled with charges of powder and an incendiary "ball," are known to have been used by the Tartars, Chinese and Arabs. By 1304, the Arabs had produced a bamboo tube reinforced with iron that shot an arrow propelled by a charge of black powder. These early instruments, however, were generally more akin to Roman candles than projectile-hurling firearms.

The evolution and history of modern firearms can be traced to small arms called "cannon locks" and were common in the early to mid-14th Century. These nine-inch brass or wrought-iron tubes were fixed to the end of a staff or pike. Iron, lead, or brass balls as well as brass "bolts" similar to those fired from crossbows were expelled by the force of gases resulting when the powder charge was ignited by a lighted coal via a touch-hole on the top of the barrel.

From the pike-mounted "cannon lock" to the wooden-stocked "matchlock," today's firearms began to evolve. Modern firearms, using fixed ammunition, are only about 150 years old.

Through its Firearms Primer, Americans for Gun Safety Foundation aims to provide sound, basic knowledge of firearms and ammunition to ensure that all gun owners handle, use, and store their guns safely.

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John McCain
appeared on 2,500 movie screens in Spring 2001 to urge parents and children to save lives by keeping guns locked up and out of schools. play video read more

 Safe Carry
What are the best ways to carry a firearm comfortably and safely? Our Gun Safety Program explains which carrying techniques are safe in specific situations.

 Safety Gear
You should always wear equipment to protect your eyes and ears when firearms are discharged, whether you are shooting or simply observing.

 Cleaning Firearms
See our Gun Safety Program for expert tips on how to safely clean and maintain firearms.